Efektivitas penerapan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student team achievement divisions untuk meningkatkan perilaku sosial murid ADHD

  • Yulis Marlinda 
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Marlina Marlina
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Arisul Mahdi
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Rila Muspita
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap perilaku sosial murid dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen dalam bentuk Single Subject Research (SSR) desain A-B-A, yang terdiri atas baseline pertama (A1), intervensi (B), dan baseline kedua (A2). Subjek penelitian adalah seorang murid perempuan kelas III SDN 06 Kampung Lapai yang berdasarkan studi pendahuluan dan asesmen menunjukkan karakteristik ADHD serta hambatan dalam berperilaku sosial. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung menggunakan lembar observasi frekuensi perilaku pada lima aspek, yaitu kerja sama, tanggung jawab, empati, pengendalian diri, dan asertivitas/komunikasi, dengan guru kelas sebagai pengamat kedua (interobserver). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis visual grafik dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi yang meliputi estimasi kecenderungan arah dengan metode split-middle, stabilitas, mean level, dan perubahan level. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mean level seluruh aspek meningkat dari A1 ke B dan tetap lebih tinggi pada A2 (A1; B; A2), yaitu kerja sama 3,3; 5,4; 6,8, tanggung jawab 3; 4,7; 6,4, empati 3,4; 5,2; 7, pengendalian diri 2,6; 5,3; 6, dan komunikasi 4,3; 5,2; 7. Perilaku sosial juga tetap teramati setelah intervensi dihentikan selama fase A2. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa STAD berpotensi menjadi alternatif pembelajaran terstruktur untuk melatih perilaku sosial murid ADHD di kelas inklusif, meskipun generalisasinya terbatas karena penelitian hanya melibatkan satu subjek.

Keywords
  • ADHD, Perilaku sosial, Pembelajaran kooperatif, STAD, Single subject research
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