Penerapan teknik penguatan negatif terhadap perilaku agresif verbal pada murid dengan attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

  • Ghina Mardhiyah
    Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Marlina Marlina 
    Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Arisul Mahdi
    Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Rila Muspita
    Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Perilaku agresif verbal pada murid dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) dapat mengganggu pembelajaran serta hubungan sosial dengan teman sebaya maupun guru, sedangkan hukuman yang selama ini digunakan belum menunjukkan hasil yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknik penguatan negatif dalam mengurangi perilaku agresif verbal pada murid dengan ADHD. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan Single Subject Research (SSR) desain Multiple-baseline Across-behaviors yang melibatkan satu murid laki-laki berusia 10 tahun di kelas IV SLBN 1 Pariaman selama 20 sesi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung dengan pencatatan kejadian (event recording) menggunakan tally pada empat aspek perilaku agresif verbal, yaitu pengucilan, menyindir, menghina, dan berkata kasar, kemudian dianalisis secara visual dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan mean level pada seluruh aspek dari fase baseline pertama ke fase intervensi, yaitu pengucilan dari 7,00 menjadi 3,50, menyindir dari 12,00 menjadi 5,00, menghina dari 10,38 menjadi 3,67, dan berkata kasar dari 8,80 menjadi 2,83, dengan tren menurun dan overlap data 0–17%. Pada baseline kedua, frekuensi perilaku tetap rendah (mean level 1,80-3,00). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penguatan negatif berkaitan dengan penurunan perilaku agresif verbal pada subjek.

Keywords
  • ADHD, Agresif verbal, Penguatan negatif, Single subject research, Modifikasi perilaku
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